Existence of God Essay

Translate and/or explain the following pr trumpery aesity, arete, endoxa, ergon, eudaimonia, peccatum, telos, virtus, vitium Arete Greek for virtue, or excellence Virtus and vitium Latin for virtue and vice Endoxon (endoxa) Greek, honored opinion(s) Ergon Greek, run short/characteristic activity Eudaimonia Greek, happiness, well being Peccatum Latin, nether region Telos Greek, end, aim discuss and/or apply the following concepts doctrine of the mean, the endoxic method, the function argument, omnipotence The Endoxic Method- reputable opinions for ex.Happiness as uniquely human, as under our condition, as requiring activity. The Function Argument-To know whether P is a well(p) instance of its kind, you adopt to know the function (ergon) of P ? A virtue/excellence (arete) of P is a characteristic P needs in order to carry out its function. The Doctrine of the mean-1. For any given situation, in that respect is a specific sanctimoniousness appropriate to it, e. g. , de sire, anger, fear, confidence, envy, joy, pity, etc. 2. For any given affectation, one can presentation it either too much, too little, or in the appropriate add 3.The thoroughgoing(a) person always exhibits an affectation in the appropriate amount. -for ex. honesty virtue regarding telling the truth about oneself? Defect self-depreciating Excess false omnipotence- all power and unlimited power Distinguish goods that are, according to Aristotle, cherished for the stake of other things, valued for their receive stake, and valued for their own sake and for the sake of other things you want more than or less things that gets you other stuff.for example nones so its a sake for other things. valued for own sake-having a yacht gives you pleasure but then(prenominal) enjoying it with more friends and travel the population and give you more pleasure. the one good. happiness is the one thing that every(prenominal) one wants and is valued for its own sake. e That which is val ued only for its own sake and for whose sake everything else is desired That which is valued for its own sake and for the sake of other things That which is valued only for the sake of other things.Discuss why Aristotle rejects conventional views that identify happiness with pleasure, honor, and virtue, and what he thinks this tells us about the genius of happiness Aristotle rejects leash everyday conceptions of happinesspleasure, honor, and wealth. Happiness, he says, can non be determine with any of these things (even though all three may be patch of an overall happy life). Pleasure, he says, is found in satisfying desiresbut whether or non we can satisfy our desires is as much up to chance as it is up to us. The life of pleasure.Problem the life tot for a pig The life of honor. Problem not under our control The life of virtue. Problem compatible with inaction Distinguish between psychological, somatic, and outer goods, explaining how they contribute to Aristotles concepti on of happiness External goods- attractiveness, wealth.. Psychological Goods- intellectual health.. Somatic goods- Nonetheless, happiness evidently needs external goods to be added, as we said, viciousnessce we cannot, or cannot easily, do fine actions if we lack the resources.For, first of all, in many actions we use friends, wealth, and political power just as we use instruments. Further, deficiency of certain things for instance, good birth, good children, beauty mars our blessedness. For we do not altogether have the character of happiness if we look utterly lewd or are ill-born, solitary, or childless and we have it even less, presumably, if our children or friends are totally bad, or were good but have died.Discuss the roles of habituation and right reason in Aristotles analysis of virginal action function of human beings is knowledge and it whatseparates from animals. virtuous action is what a rational person who acts for the right reason. but you overly have to live t he correct emotions and feelings to do virtuous actions and be properly affected which federal agency that you find the right things pleasant.And wants to do the right thing. so if you dont feel like you want to give money to homeless and salvage give it it does not count as a virtous thing. the teachers ice pickax technique- dont want to do it but do it for ice cream but over quantify the kids want to do it be make up it is the virtuous thing to do.Identify and describe Aristotles three requirements for friendship and his three different kinds of friendship Pleasure-friendships- Most common among theyoung, fades easily utility-friendships,- most common among the old and also fades easily. character-friendships- You love a person because of the good qualities she or he possesses. genuine friendship. justify what Aristotle means when he claims that friends are routine selves A friend is a second self, so that our in tenoredness of a friends inhabitence makes us more fully con scious of our own existence. and Friendly apprisals with ones neighbors, and the marks by which friendships are defined, seem to have proceeded from a mans relation with himself. For men think a friend is one who wishes well and does what is good, or seems so, for the sake of his friend, or one who wishes his friend to exist and live, for his sake inform why doubting Thomas thinks theologys existence is obvious, why it nevertheless may not be evident to us, and how Aquinas thinks matinee idols existence can be made evident Not every human realizes the existence of god. Examples of self-evident propositionsA pig is an animal a bachelor is an unmarried male Being self-evident in itself versus self-evident to us Aquinas I maintain that God exists is self-evident in itself since its subject and predicate are identicalbut the proposition is not self-evident to us (197). Question 02 can Gods existence be made evident? Perhaps Gods existence is an expression of faith, not of reason There are two types of demonstration those that fight from cause to effectand those that argue from effect to cause (198). Hitting a pool ball, pressing the on button, hand on the stove.So, from what effectuate do we infer Gods existence? Gods effects in the world, Mozart and his music Understand Aquinas unmoved mover and teleological arguments for the existence of God and articulate at least one protest to each Argument one of five the unmoved mover (200). Everything has a cause, but causes cant go on infinitely. The first fortuitous cause is God. objections why must it be God? Maybe time is infinite? Telos the end toward which a thing strives. Everything in nature has a telos. If a thing is non-intelligent, some intelligence must give it its telos.Objection nature is not telonic in this way Discuss why the scruple can God create a stone that God cannot gip? is said to be problemical and how Aquinas tries to resolve the paradox The paradox of omnipotence can God create a st one he cannot thieve? If God can, there is something God cannot do, i. e. , lift the stone If God cannot, there is something God cannot do, i. e. , create the stone If there is something God cannot do, God is not all-powerful Therefore, God is not omnipotent So we conclude that Gods power extends to anything possible in itself and not implying contradiction.Clearly then God is called omnipotent because he can do everything possible in itself. (p. 249). because if god cannot lift the the stone he created, he is not omintipitent and also if he cannot create that he cannot lift therefore he is not omnipotent so either way god is not omnipotent so aquinas says that god creates certain laws in the universe that he himself cannot break which is considered absolute possibility and relativee possibility is what he can change. Explain what Aquinas means when he claims roughshod does not exist because plague does not exit because evil is absence of happiness.Understand the weak and toug h versions of the problem of evil and discuss Aquinas solution to the problem rigid version of the problem If an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God exists, then evil does not exist Evil exists Therefore, an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God does not exist Weak version of the problem Evil exists The non-existence of God is a more plausible explanation of evil than is the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God Therefore, its more plausible that God does not exist If an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God exists, then evil does not exist.Aquinas answer to the problem of evil Why is there evil and sin in thet world? Evil is the necessary result of freedom of the depart Thus, God does not command sin, God permits sin Does God cause evil and sin? God is responsible for sinful actions but not for sins 296 Distinguish Aquinas conceptions of eternal, natural, and human law Human law Quoting Cicero laws incur with what nature produces, then by u se of reason certain things fuck off customs, and finally things produced by nature and tested by custom are sanctified withthe weight of laws (420). utter(a) law God as manufacturer legislator Clearlythe entire community of the universe is governed by Gods reason (417). Divine scrimping ordering of the universe toward good raw(a) law Non-moral sense laws of nature. Moral sense guides the actions of animals Since everything subjected to Gods providence is measured by the standards of his eternal law, as we have said, everything shares in some way in the eternal law, bearing its imprint in the form of a natural tendency to pursue the behavior and goals appropriate to it. argumentation creatures are subject to Gods providence is a special, more profound way than others by themselves sharing in the planning (418). Eternal law is identical to the mind of God as seen by God himself. It can be called law because God stands to the universe which he creates as a ruler does to a communit y which he rules. When Gods reason is considered as it is understood by God Himself, i. e. in its unchanging, eternal nature (q91, a1) , it is eternal law.